May 01
2008

Entrepreneurs and Tech Startups: Who's Doing What When?

Posted by Jon Erickson in The Business of Programming

jerickson

Crossing my desk today is this report of a really interesting study about tech entrepreneurs and the start-ups they start up .  Is it in sync with what you're seeing?

Challenging the perception of American technology entrepreneurs as 20-something wunderkinds launching businesses from college dorm rooms, a new study by the Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation and researchers at Duke and Harvard universities reveals most U.S.-born technology and engineering company founders are middle-aged, well-educated, and hold degrees from a wide assortment of universities.

In fact, twice as many U.S.-born tech entrepreneurs start ventures in their 50s as do those in their early 20s. Further, elite, highly ranked schools are over-represented in the ranks of these founders, and Ivy-League graduates achieve the greatest business success; however, 92 percent of U.S.-born founders graduate from other universities, according to the study, Education and Tech Entrepreneurship. The study analyzed U.S. engineering and tech companies founded from 1995-2005, representing the most current decade of data.

"Because entrepreneurship is an indicator of economic vitality in regions and across the country, this study raises important policy questions about how to foster greater tech entrepreneurship to boost economic growth," said Robert Litan, vice president of Research and Policy at the Kauffman Foundation. "Probably the most compelling fact in the study is that advanced education is critical to the success of tech startups."

U.S.-born engineering and tech company founders are overwhelmingly well-educated. While there are significant differences in the types of degrees these entrepreneurs obtain and the time they take to start a company after they graduate, the study reveals a direct correlation between a founder's education and company performance.

In 2005, the average sales revenue of all startups in the sample was around $5.7 million, employing an average of 42 workers. Startups established by founders with advanced Ivy-League degrees had higher average sales and employment -- $6.7 million and 55 workers, respectively. The success of these groups contrasted sharply with startups established by founders with high school degrees with average revenues and employees at $2.2 million and 18 workers, respectively.

Among other findings:

  • The average and median age of U.S.-born founders was 39 when they started their companies. Only about 1 percent of U.S.-born founders of tech companies were teenagers.
  • The vast majority (92 percent) of U.S.-born tech founders held bachelor's degrees, 31 percent held master's degrees, and 10 percent had completed PhDs. Nearly half of these degrees were in science-, technology-, engineering- and mathematics-related disciplines. One third was in business, accounting and finance.
  • U.S.-born tech founders holding MBA degrees established companies more quickly (13 years) than others. Those with PhDs typically waited 21 years to become tech entrepreneurs.
  • The top 10 universities from which U.S.-born tech founders received their highest degrees are Harvard, Stanford, University of Pennsylvania, MIT, University of Texas, University of California-Berkeley, University of Missouri, Pennsylvania State University, University of Southern California, and University of Virginia.
  • Nearly half (45 percent) of the tech startups were established in the same state where U.S.-born tech founders received their education. Of the U.S.-born tech founders receiving degrees from California, 69 percent later created a startup in the state; Michigan, 58 percent; Texas, 53 percent; and Ohio, 52 percent. In contrast, Maryland retained only 15 percent; Indiana, 18 percent; and New York, 21 percent.

"While education clearly is an advantage for tech founders in the United States, experience also is a key factor," said Vivek Wadhwa, the study's lead researcher and a Wertheim fellow with the Harvard Law School and executive in residence at Duke University. "That a large number of U.S.-born tech founders have worked in business for many years also is important in understanding the supply of tech entrepreneurs."

Other researchers include Richard Freeman, Herbert Asherman chair in economics, Harvard University and director, Labor Studies Program, National Bureau of Economic Research; and Ben Rissing, Wertheim Fellow, Labor and Worklife Program, Harvard Law School and research scholar, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University.



Comments (6)Add Comment
Totally agree
written by Trent Bellow, May 01, 2008
And I have the proof. My neighbor is in his 30s. He established xebba.com, a successful small-business oriented VoIP startup. He is by no means a computer geek. He has a couple of advanced degrees and he otherwise perfectly fits the profile in the article. And he makes a lot more money than I do. :-)
Don't forget the role of venture capital
written by Mark R, May 01, 2008
One reason you see a lot of highly educated, experienced teams in tech startups is because in many cases they are prerequisites to receive venture capital funding. Since tech companies tend to require a lot of capital, this study isn't surprising at all.
I'm average!!!
written by Jon Hancock, May 02, 2008
http://www.shellshadow.com is my third startup. I'm 39 and have a bachelors in engineering from a top U.S. school. According to this study, I'm in the sweet spot. Should I be happy to know I'm average?
My previous 2 startups made money for a bit but were overreaching in their goals. I think my maturity as a business leader is what has enabled me to purposely narrow this new startup and become happily average.
Jon
Hope for us oldies!
written by Lewis Perdue, May 02, 2008
Every one of the web companies I started happened when I was I was between 35 and 59
I guess I'm a spring chicken by these standards
written by Richard Bullington-McGuire, May 04, 2008
I started my current company when I was 29, but that was 7 years ago. Now it's time to think about where to hang my hat next. I love working with start-up companies, and I'd be happy to help another one grow and thrive. Please check out my LinkedIn profile if you are looking to expand your tech startup:

http://www.linkedin.com/in/richardbullingtonmcguire

My 6th in 20 yrs
written by Haim Rochberger, June 24, 2008
I live in Israel, and am 48 years old.
I just joint a new startup and it is my 6th in a raw...
first 4 where acquired by companies (3Com, Comverse, Cisco and Nextwave), and my last one (#5) is still active and selling - but I felt a) the challenge is small now and b) Better spread the chances by taking options of many startups - as some only succeed.
The new one is interesting and challenging, and hopefully will make more then all!!! smilies/grin.gif

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